The tips of the Pony Tail Palm often turn brown from over watering, the most common mistake most people make with this palm, or from too much fertilizer. The soil should dry out between waterings. The brown tips can be trimmed off with clean, sharp scissors. As far as what might be causing the damage on the leaves, the damage type doesn’t appear to be from any of the more common houseplant pests. Proper watering may prevent further leaf damage. However, you might try to look at the damaged area with a magnifier to see if any pests are present. If you see something suspicious, here’s a link to your local extension agency. They have pictures of common houseplant pests as well as treatments for each type – http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/05595.html
My ponytail palm plant is suddenly showing rotting signs at point where new growth comes. Maybe too much water? Need help. Have had plant for several years and has been doing well. Same location in sunroom.